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为什么练气功有时会诱发精神障碍?

"2018-07-04T01:43:45.000Z" admin 阅读(1927)

「导读」对气功引起精神障碍的临床现象进行研究,发现这类患者可见于不同年龄阶段、不同职业和不同文化程度的练功者,学练气功的方式以个人模仿书本练习者占较大比例(68%),也有一些是气功师个别教授和参加机体训练者。

人的健康包括身体健康和心理健康两方面,二者互相联系,互相影响,互相促进,不可分离。长期以来,人们往往重视身体健康而忽视心理健康。实际上,人们生活在一定的社会和文化环境中,外部环境中的各种因素都可以来影响人的心理健康,这些因素能使人产生愉悦感觉,有益于心理健康;有些则使人产生心理紧张,有损于心理健康。

主动调整自我的心理状态,使其达到和保持在健康水平,有利于机体生理功能的协调,这既是气功锻炼中必须使用的重要方法,又是气功疗法所要达到的重要目的。气功锻炼中所注重的“调神”或“调心”,主要指调整心理状态。在提高心理健康水平的前提下,更好地起到保健作用。实践证明,绝大多数人通过气功锻炼能收到较好的效果,但是也确有少数人学练气功后出现不同程度的心理精神障碍。

对气功引起精神障碍的临床现象进行研究,发现这类患者可见于不同年龄阶段、不同职业和不同文化程度的练功者,学练气功的方式以个人模仿书本练习者占较大比例(68%),也有一些是气功师个别教授和参加机体训练者。气功功法种类包括各种动功和静功,尤以自发动功类多见。用明尼苏达多相人格调查表(MMPI)测验结果显示,这类患者有明显的精神分裂和人格方面的障碍、情绪抑郁和易激惹,比正常人更容易接受暗示,依赖性强。表现为对自身躯体功能的过分关心和疑病主诉。另外有社会交际能力差、注意力不易集中、思维障碍和幻觉等特征。这种与气功有关的精神障碍在现代精神医学中尚未见详尽描述。临床症状表现为类神经症性、类精神分裂症性、情感性和偏执性等精神障碍,临床症状群具有气功疗法的某些特征,往往不能归入现有的精神疾病分类,应视为与我国特殊文化传统和观念体系有关的一种跨文化性精神障碍。这些研究结果表明,气功所致的精神障碍,除了与某些气功功法不够完善和盲目自练,缺乏指导有关外,还与患者练功前的心理素质、个性缺陷等心理因素有关。 在气功入静状态下,人的心理活动有很大的变化,既可能有正常的心理效应,也可能有异常的心理效应。练功人如果不注意加强精神修养,提高心理健康水平,即“修身养性”,只是强行入静,并过分暗示解除自我控制,当入静到一定程度,会导致不良后果。

防止这类情况的出现,可在教功前对学功者进行一定的心理测量,例如可采用MMPI量表,以鉴别是否具有精神障碍倾向。


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article------>{"id":114,"cid":13,"subCid":"","title":"为什么练气功有时会诱发精神障碍?","shortTitle":"0","tagId":"","attr":"","articleView":null,"source":"网络","author":"admin","description":"对气功引起精神障碍的临床现象进行研究,发现这类患者可见于不同年龄阶段、不同职业和不同文化程度的练功者,学练气功的方式以个人模仿书本练习者占较大比例(68%),也有一些是气功师个别教授和参加机体训练者。","img":"","content":"<p>人的健康包括身体健康和心理健康两方面,二者互相联系,互相影响,互相促进,不可分离。长期以来,人们往往重视身体健康而忽视心理健康。实际上,人们生活在一定的社会和文化环境中,外部环境中的各种因素都可以来影响人的心理健康,这些因素能使人产生愉悦感觉,有益于心理健康;有些则使人产生心理紧张,有损于心理健康。</p><p>主动调整自我的心理状态,使其达到和保持在健康水平,有利于机体生理功能的协调,这既是气功锻炼中必须使用的重要方法,又是气功疗法所要达到的重要目的。气功锻炼中所注重的“调神”或“调心”,主要指调整心理状态。在提高心理健康水平的前提下,更好地起到保健作用。实践证明,绝大多数人通过气功锻炼能收到较好的效果,但是也确有少数人学练气功后出现不同程度的心理精神障碍。</p><p>对气功引起精神障碍的临床现象进行研究,发现这类患者可见于不同年龄阶段、不同职业和不同文化程度的练功者,学练气功的方式以个人模仿书本练习者占较大比例(68%),也有一些是气功师个别教授和参加机体训练者。气功功法种类包括各种动功和静功,尤以自发动功类多见。用明尼苏达多相人格调查表(MMPI)测验结果显示,这类患者有明显的精神分裂和人格方面的障碍、情绪抑郁和易激惹,比正常人更容易接受暗示,依赖性强。表现为对自身躯体功能的过分关心和疑病主诉。另外有社会交际能力差、注意力不易集中、思维障碍和幻觉等特征。这种与气功有关的精神障碍在现代精神医学中尚未见详尽描述。临床症状表现为类神经症性、类精神分裂症性、情感性和偏执性等精神障碍,临床症状群具有气功疗法的某些特征,往往不能归入现有的精神疾病分类,应视为与我国特殊文化传统和观念体系有关的一种跨文化性精神障碍。这些研究结果表明,气功所致的精神障碍,除了与某些气功功法不够完善和盲目自练,缺乏指导有关外,还与患者练功前的心理素质、个性缺陷等心理因素有关。 \n在气功入静状态下,人的心理活动有很大的变化,既可能有正常的心理效应,也可能有异常的心理效应。练功人如果不注意加强精神修养,提高心理健康水平,即“修身养性”,只是强行入静,并过分暗示解除自我控制,当入静到一定程度,会导致不良后果。</p><p>\n\n\n</p><p>防止这类情况的出现,可在教功前对学功者进行一定的心理测量,例如可采用MMPI量表,以鉴别是否具有精神障碍倾向。</p><p><br></p>","status":0,"pv":1927,"link":"1","createdAt":"2018-07-04T01:43:45.000Z","updatedAt":"2024-12-08T13:50:40.000Z","field":{},"tags":[]}

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