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《首届哈佛国际医学气功与太极论坛》首席主旨发言

2018-10-29 02:00:32 刘天君 阅读(1786)

「导读」首届哈佛国际医学气功与太极论坛

女士们先生们,上午好!

我的发言题目是:什么是气功?什么是中医气功?先讲什么是气功。

什么是气功

中文的气功由两个字组成:气和功。

“气”大体相当于现代科学所说的能量。在中医的本体论里,气是宇宙最初和基本的存在。这与现代科学的物理学观点很相似,许多物理学家认为,在大爆炸之后的极短瞬间,宇宙是纯能量的存在。

“功”有多重含义,例如时间、技能、作用。所以,“气功”的字面含义就是气的作用,或者是运用气的技能。

气功一词最早出现的宋代许逊的《净明宗教录》一书,距今大约有1600年的历史。

下面我们来看看教科书上的气功定义。在目前中国高等中医院校正在使用的《中医气功学》教材里(已经出了英文版),气功的定义被表述为:“气功是调身、调息、调心三调合一的身心锻炼技能”。


这个定义在中文一共20个字。这20个字整整写了20年,相当于每年只写了1个字。

从1994年到2004年,共出了5版《中医气功学》教材,每一版的气功定义都不一样,字数一版比一版少。第1版是44个字,第5版就是这20个字,之后就固定下来了,现在是第6版教材,没有改动。

这个定义很简单,它是一个操作性的定义,不是解释性的定义。

它告诉我们气功应该怎样练习,有什么样的境界。它没有告诉我们气功为什么要这样操作以及这样操作的科学原理。

给气功下操作性定义源于古人的思路,古人只讲了气功如何练习,有什么样的作用,而目前现代科学对气功的研究还不足以给出解释性的定义。

所以我们能做的,就是用现代语言把古人的认识说的更清晰明白些。但给不出现代科学定义。

这个简单的定义包含四层意思。

1、气功是技能性知识

学习的知识可以分为两个门类:理论性知识和技能性知识。理论性知识的学习方法是理解和记忆,技能性知识的学习方法是练习和熟练。

知道了所学知识的类别,也就有了学习的基本方法。所以学习气功只听课不行,基本的方法是长时间练习。


另外,将气功定义为技能,就区别开了气功与宗教。气功在长期的发展过程中,与宗教有千丝万缕的联系,例如佛家气功、道家气功、儒家气功。

但气功与宗教是两码事,宗教依信仰进入,气功因熟练掌握,两者的方法和道路完全不同。所以,如果一位气功师强调让学员相信他自己,相信他教的功法,我认为他已经把宗教因素带进了气功。

2、气功包括调身、调息和调心三大技能

那么气功的技能包括哪些内容呢?这个定义的第二层意思告诉我们,包括三大类技能:调身的、调息的和调心的技能。

为什么是这三大类,不是四或五大类呢?因为人体能够自我调节的措施只有这三类。

你可以自我调节姿势、动作,你可以自我调节呼吸的快慢、强弱,还可以自我调节思想和情绪。除此之外,你还能自我调节什么呢?没有了。不信你就试试。你只有这些本事。

所以古人很聪明,这三调是一个非常完备的体系,已经涵盖了人体自我调节的所有内容。


三调的技能有多少呢?我所知道的调身、调心的方法都有几千种,调息方法超过一百种。所以,三调确实是一个完备的技术体系,值得深入研究。不同的气功功法就是三调的组成搭配不同,但三调缺一不可。

古人研究三调与现代科学研究有很大差别。古人重视研究三调的作用,今人注重研究三调的机制。

例如,现代科学研究呼吸注重吸气,但古人的研究注重呼气。因为人在呼气的时候才可以启动内气的运行。中国的呼吸一词,是把呼气放在前面,吸气放在后面。这显然就是受到了气功的影响。

3、三调的操作目的是达到三调合一

第三层意思是气功定义的关键,即三调的操作目的是达到三调合一。三调合一为气功特有,是气功的特征境界。

体育与气功的区别就是三调是否合一。体育活动也是三调组成,但其三调不合一。例如:跑步的时候先做个起跑的姿势,是调身;憋一口气准备起跑是调息;仔细听发令的枪声是调心;三调都在,但是先做调身,再做调息,最后调心,三调是分别完成的,没有合一,所以是体育,不是气功。

气功锻炼必须三调合一。所以气功就比较难学,也比较难教。简言之,气功就是三调合一的境界,否则就不是气功。

4、气功既是心理的也是生理的

第四层意思,气功在现代学科分类中属于心身医学,既是心理的也是生理的。

中医的身心没有绝对界限,它们相互作用,难分彼此。因为中医以气为基础,从气的角度看,生理活动和心理活动,所利用的能量是统一的。


这个定义并非完美无缺,但现阶段可用。它的优点是直接可以指导练功,给出了明确的境界和方向。它的不足是缺少解释,没有说明为什么。

人们认识事物通常先要解决是什么,然后才能解决为什么。任何定义都不会一成不变,等将来气功的科学研究有了突破性的进展,解释性的定义就会出现。

什么是中医气功

那么什么是中医气功呢?教科书上说“中医气功学”是一门研究在“中医领域内气功的历史发展、基础理论、操作技能和临床应用的学科”。

什么是中医领域?可以认为,浩如烟海的中医古籍是传统中医领域的基本体现。已知现存的中医古籍大约有8000-10000种,而其中与气功有关的大约200-300种。

由此可见,中医气功就是与这二三百种中医古籍相关的气功。在二三百种中医古籍中,有两本书奠定了中医气功的基础,一本是《黄帝内经》,奠定了理论基础,一本是《诸病源候论》,奠定了临床基础。


中医气功与其他佛家、道家、儒家、武术气功的基本区别,就是中医气功以中医理论说明气功的三调操作与三调合一的机制,不采用宗教理论。

另外,中医气功的目的是强身健体、治病救人,没有出世的超越性目的,没有宗教性。这与佛家、道家气功也有很大区别。

以上简单谈了气功与中医气功。由于中医的本体论是气一元论,在这个意义上,气是中医的根本基础。

中医的气并不仅仅是哲学意义上的,而是可以被操作的,操作的方法和技术就是气功。因此,中医的方法论不同于西医,尽管也可以换个角度用西医的方法去研究。

我就讲到这里,谢谢大家!


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article------>{"id":256,"cid":1,"sub_cid":"","title":"《首届哈佛国际医学气功与太极论坛》首席主旨发言","short_title":"0","tag_id":"","attr":"2","seo_title":"0","seo_keywords":"","seo_description":"1","source":"网络","author":"刘天君","description":"首届哈佛国际医学气功与太极论坛","img":"","content":"<p>女士们先生们,上午好!</p><p>我的发言题目是:什么是气功?什么是中医气功?先讲什么是气功。</p><p>什么是气功</p><p>中文的气功由两个字组成:气和功。</p><p>“气”大体相当于现代科学所说的能量。在中医的本体论里,气是宇宙最初和基本的存在。这与现代科学的物理学观点很相似,许多物理学家认为,在大爆炸之后的极短瞬间,宇宙是纯能量的存在。</p><p>“功”有多重含义,例如时间、技能、作用。所以,“气功”的字面含义就是气的作用,或者是运用气的技能。</p><p>气功一词最早出现的宋代许逊的《净明宗教录》一书,距今大约有1600年的历史。</p><p>下面我们来看看教科书上的气功定义。在目前中国高等中医院校正在使用的《中医气功学》教材里(已经出了英文版),气功的定义被表述为:“气功是调身、调息、调心三调合一的身心锻炼技能”。</p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img src=\"/public/uploads/qigong/20181029-10-02-07_10253_640.webp.jpg\" style=\"max-width:100%;\" class=\"w-e-selected\"><br></p><p>这个定义在中文一共20个字。这20个字整整写了20年,相当于每年只写了1个字。</p><p>从1994年到2004年,共出了5版《中医气功学》教材,每一版的气功定义都不一样,字数一版比一版少。第1版是44个字,第5版就是这20个字,之后就固定下来了,现在是第6版教材,没有改动。</p><p>这个定义很简单,它是一个操作性的定义,不是解释性的定义。</p><p>它告诉我们气功应该怎样练习,有什么样的境界。它没有告诉我们气功为什么要这样操作以及这样操作的科学原理。</p><p>给气功下操作性定义源于古人的思路,古人只讲了气功如何练习,有什么样的作用,而目前现代科学对气功的研究还不足以给出解释性的定义。</p><p>所以我们能做的,就是用现代语言把古人的认识说的更清晰明白些。但给不出现代科学定义。</p><p>这个简单的定义包含四层意思。</p><p>1、<span style=\"display: inline !important;\">气功是技能性知识</span></p><p>学习的知识可以分为两个门类:理论性知识和技能性知识。理论性知识的学习方法是理解和记忆,技能性知识的学习方法是练习和熟练。</p><p>知道了所学知识的类别,也就有了学习的基本方法。所以学习气功只听课不行,基本的方法是长时间练习。</p><p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/public/uploads/qigong/20181029-10-02-26_13639_64.webp.jpg\" style=\"max-width:100%;\"><br></p><p>另外,将气功定义为技能,就区别开了气功与宗教。气功在长期的发展过程中,与宗教有千丝万缕的联系,例如佛家气功、道家气功、儒家气功。</p><p>但气功与宗教是两码事,宗教依信仰进入,气功因熟练掌握,两者的方法和道路完全不同。所以,如果一位气功师强调让学员相信他自己,相信他教的功法,我认为他已经把宗教因素带进了气功。</p><p>2、<span style=\"display: inline !important;\">气功包括调身、调息和调心三大技能</span></p><p>那么气功的技能包括哪些内容呢?这个定义的第二层意思告诉我们,包括三大类技能:调身的、调息的和调心的技能。</p><p>为什么是这三大类,不是四或五大类呢?因为人体能够自我调节的措施只有这三类。</p><p>你可以自我调节姿势、动作,你可以自我调节呼吸的快慢、强弱,还可以自我调节思想和情绪。除此之外,你还能自我调节什么呢?没有了。不信你就试试。你只有这些本事。</p><p>所以古人很聪明,这三调是一个非常完备的体系,已经涵盖了人体自我调节的所有内容。</p><p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/public/uploads/qigong/20181029-10-02-47_13225_64 0.webp.jpg\" style=\"max-width:100%;\" class=\"\"><br></p><p>三调的技能有多少呢?我所知道的调身、调心的方法都有几千种,调息方法超过一百种。所以,三调确实是一个完备的技术体系,值得深入研究。不同的气功功法就是三调的组成搭配不同,但三调缺一不可。</p><p>古人研究三调与现代科学研究有很大差别。古人重视研究三调的作用,今人注重研究三调的机制。</p><p>例如,现代科学研究呼吸注重吸气,但古人的研究注重呼气。因为人在呼气的时候才可以启动内气的运行。中国的呼吸一词,是把呼气放在前面,吸气放在后面。这显然就是受到了气功的影响。</p><p>3、<span style=\"display: inline !important;\">三调的操作目的是达到三调合一</span></p><p>第三层意思是气功定义的关键,即三调的操作目的是达到三调合一。三调合一为气功特有,是气功的特征境界。</p><p>体育与气功的区别就是三调是否合一。体育活动也是三调组成,但其三调不合一。例如:跑步的时候先做个起跑的姿势,是调身;憋一口气准备起跑是调息;仔细听发令的枪声是调心;三调都在,但是先做调身,再做调息,最后调心,三调是分别完成的,没有合一,所以是体育,不是气功。</p><p>气功锻炼必须三调合一。所以气功就比较难学,也比较难教。简言之,气功就是三调合一的境界,否则就不是气功。</p><p>4、<span style=\"display: inline !important;\">气功既是心理的也是生理的</span></p><p>第四层意思,气功在现代学科分类中属于心身医学,既是心理的也是生理的。</p><p>中医的身心没有绝对界限,它们相互作用,难分彼此。因为中医以气为基础,从气的角度看,生理活动和心理活动,所利用的能量是统一的。</p><p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/public/uploads/qigong/20181029-10-04-46_18896_6.webp.jpg\" style=\"max-width:100%;\"><br></p><p>这个定义并非完美无缺,但现阶段可用。它的优点是直接可以指导练功,给出了明确的境界和方向。它的不足是缺少解释,没有说明为什么。</p><p>人们认识事物通常先要解决是什么,然后才能解决为什么。任何定义都不会一成不变,等将来气功的科学研究有了突破性的进展,解释性的定义就会出现。</p><p>什么是中医气功</p><p>那么什么是中医气功呢?教科书上说“中医气功学”是一门研究在“中医领域内气功的历史发展、基础理论、操作技能和临床应用的学科”。</p><p>什么是中医领域?可以认为,浩如烟海的中医古籍是传统中医领域的基本体现。已知现存的中医古籍大约有8000-10000种,而其中与气功有关的大约200-300种。</p><p>由此可见,中医气功就是与这二三百种中医古籍相关的气功。在二三百种中医古籍中,有两本书奠定了中医气功的基础,一本是《黄帝内经》,奠定了理论基础,一本是《诸病源候论》,奠定了临床基础。</p><p align=\"center\"><img src=\"/public/uploads/qigong/20181029-10-04-55_15410_64000.webp.jpg\" style=\"max-width:100%;\"><br></p><p>中医气功与其他佛家、道家、儒家、武术气功的基本区别,就是中医气功以中医理论说明气功的三调操作与三调合一的机制,不采用宗教理论。</p><p>另外,中医气功的目的是强身健体、治病救人,没有出世的超越性目的,没有宗教性。这与佛家、道家气功也有很大区别。</p><p>以上简单谈了气功与中医气功。由于中医的本体论是气一元论,在这个意义上,气是中医的根本基础。</p><p>中医的气并不仅仅是哲学意义上的,而是可以被操作的,操作的方法和技术就是气功。因此,中医的方法论不同于西医,尽管也可以换个角度用西医的方法去研究。</p><p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</p><p>我就讲到这里,谢谢大家!</p><p><br></p>","status":0,"pv":1786,"link":"1","createdAt":"2018-10-29 02:00:32","updatedAt":"2024-03-29 04:01:41","field":{},"tags":[]}

article.tags------>[]

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